Lub hnub yug ntawm phau ntawv vending tshuab
Xyoo 1822, Richard Carlile, tus tswv tsev muag ntawv Askiv, tau tsim lub ntiaj teb thawj phau ntawv vending tshuab. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, lub tswv yim ntawm kev tshaj tawm kuj yog kev saib xyuas. Yog tias cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Phau Ntawv Teev Tseg tau muag cov ntawv tshaj tawm hu ua "cov ntawv txwv tsis pub", xws li hnub nyoog ntawm qhov laj thawj sau los ntawm Thomas Paine, lawv yuav raug kaw hauv tsev loj cuj. Lub vending tshuab zam kev sib tham ncaj qha ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab tshem tawm qhov ua tau ntawm kev censorship ntau dua.
Nws tuaj yeem hais tias phau ntawv vending tshuab tsis yog tsim los rau kev lag luam, tab sis rau cov neeg nyeem kom "hnov ntau lub suab sib txawv". Txawm hais tias phau ntawv vending tshuab tsis tau nrov nrov txij li thaum ntawd los, qee cov neeg tseem ua tib yam raws li qhov xav tau zoo sib xws.
Nws yog hnub so hauv xyoo 1933. Allen Lane, tus tsim ntawm Penguin Books, tau sawv ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau chaw nres tsheb hauv Exeter. Nws nyuam qhuav ntsib ib tug phooj ywg sau ntawv uas yuav rov qab mus rau London thiab xav mus yuav ib yam dab tsi ntawm phau ntawv thiab ntawv xov xwm sawv ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau los nyeem ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau rov qab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws xav tsis thoob los ntawm kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv nyeem ... Qhov no tau tshoov nws lub siab sib ntaus sib tua, thiab nws tau txiav txim siab los ua ib phau ntawv zoo uas yog nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd.
Cov phau ntawv no yuav tsum tsis yog tsuas yog ntxim nyiam ntawm tus nqi (ib phau ntawv yog sib npaug ntawm tus nqi ntawm ib pob luam yeeb), tab sis kuj tuaj yeem yuav hauv cov khw muag ntawv ib txwm muaj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nws tuaj yeem yuav hauv cov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau, cov khw muag khoom haus luam yeeb thiab cov khw muag khoom me me. Nws vam tias cov phau ntawv tuaj yeem tawm ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv thiab khw muag ntawv, mus rau hauv chaw nres tsheb thiab txoj kev, thiab mus rau hauv txhais tes ntawm cov neeg taug kev uas nres ib pliag. Ua ntej, xyoo 1935, tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm "cov phau ntawv me me" los ntawm cov phau ntawv albatross, nws tau luam tawm cov phau ntawv hnab tshos classic. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1937, ob xyoos tom qab, thawj Penguin Book vending tshuab tau tsim los muag cov phau ntawv hnab tshos.
Lub vending machines tau hais los saum toj no feem ntau hu ua "vending machine" lossis "dispenser" ua lus Askiv thiab "distribution automation" hauv Fab Kis. Txawm hais tias ua lus Askiv lossis Fab Kis, nws lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog tsom rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm "kev faib tawm thiab kev faib tawm". Tom qab kev txhais ua lus Suav, lo lus no yog siv los hu ua "vending machine". Nws yog deprived ntawm connotation ntawm kev sib koom, tsis yog ib tug txuas ntxiv ntawm tib neeg tus cwj pwm, thiab tsuas yog los ua ib tug hloov rau cov kev pab cuam muag khoom. Peb yuav tsum hais tias peb yuav nkag siab yuam kev nws lub ntsiab lus thiab faus qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev siv nws yooj yim.
Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm no, vending machines, raws li kev muag khoom ntawm cov phau ntawv, yog qhov tseeb me ntsis passive, tab sis tej zaum peb tuaj yeem muab qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau "rov ua dua" lawv lub tswv yim txuas ntxiv. Hauv cov chaw pej xeem uas tsis yog yuav tsum tau nyeem, ib txoj hauv kev tshiab yog siv los hloov tib neeg kev nkag mus rau cov phau ntawv, txhawb cov neeg nyeem cov kev xav tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov phau ntawv, thiab coj kev lom zem rau tib neeg tsis meej pem tos lub sijhawm. Cov qub vending machines tau hloov pauv los qhia tib neeg saib tshiab thiab xa cov ntawv rau cov neeg nyeem xws li Santa Claus.
Kev ua raws li cov ntawv xov xwm yog qhov kev xav ntawm ntau tus neeg mus rau lub neej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshaj tawm yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog pom tias tej yam uas lawv ntseeg, nyiam thiab nyiam yuav ploj mus nrog cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub sijhawm, tab sis kuj pom lub zeem muag dav dua thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov cib fim, koom tes thiab nrhiav cov hauv kev rau kev tshaj tawm thiab kev txhim kho kev nyeem ntawv. Qhov tseeb, cov ntawv nyeem ib txwm tshwm sim hauv ntau hom thiab nkag mus tob rau hauv peb lub neej nrog kev pab los ntawm cov xov xwm sib txawv. Ib yam li phau ntawv vending tshuab hloov pauv tas li, lub neej yeej ib txwm txuas ntxiv thiab rov yug dua tshiab hauv ntau txoj kev. Qhov ua tau ntawm kev nyeem ntawv yog nyob rau hauv lub kiv puag ncig ntawm kev tshaj tawm.